CAR-T: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Immunotherapy
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Immunotherapy, also known as Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Immunotherapy, is a novel tumor immunotherapy method that uses genetic engineering to modify patients' own T cells to accurately identify and kill cancer cells. Simply put, it is to extract T cells from the patient's body, install a "navigation device" (CAR receptor) on it in the laboratory, so that it can accurately find and attack cancer cells, and then inject them back into the patient's body.
是嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞免疫疗法，英文全称 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Immunotherapy，是一种通过基因工程改造患者自身 T 细胞来精准识别并杀灭癌细胞的新型肿瘤免疫治疗方法 。简单来说，就是把患者体内的 T 细胞提取出来，在实验室给它装上"导航装置"（CAR 受体），让它能准确找到并攻击癌细胞，然后再回输到患者体内 。
What cancers can be treated 能治哪些癌症
At present, it is mainly approved for the treatment of hematological malignancies, including the following 5 categories:
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: It is more effective for relapsed or refractory patients in children and young adults.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the most common subtype of non Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults.
Follicular lymphoma: a patient with multiple relapses or conversions to invasive lymphoma.
Mantle cell lymphoma: a patient with a high recurrence rate after traditional chemotherapy.
Multiple myeloma: targeting BCMA antigen for patients who have failed immune modulator therapy.
目前主要获批用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤，包括以下 5 类 ：
B 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病：针对复发或难治性患者，儿童和年轻成人效果较好。
弥漫大 B 细胞淋巴瘤：成人最常见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤亚型。
滤泡性淋巴瘤：多次复发或转化为侵袭性淋巴瘤的患者。
套细胞淋巴瘤：传统化疗后复发率高的患者。
多发性骨髓瘤：靶向 BCMA 抗原，针对免疫调节剂治疗失败的患者。
CAR-T therapy for solid tumors (such as lung cancer, liver cancer, etc.) is still in the clinical research stage, and its efficacy is not yet clear.
实体肿瘤（如肺癌、肝癌等）的 CAR-T 疗法尚在临床研究阶段，疗效尚未明确 。
In April 2026, CAR-T therapy successfully treated a patient with three severe autoimmune diseases for the first time, marking an important breakthrough in the field of autoimmune disease treatment.
2026 年 4 月，CAR-T 疗法首次成功治疗一名同时患有三种严重自身免疫疾病的患者，标志着在自身免疫疾病治疗领域取得重要突破 。
How much does the treatment cost 治疗要花多少钱
Price range: Since 2025, the cost of CAR-T therapy has decreased from millions of yuan at the beginning of its launch to around 500000 to 900000 yuan.
价格区间：2025 年以来，CAR-T 治疗费用从上市之初的上百万元已降至50 万到 90 万元左右。
Progress of low-priced products: 低价产品进展
In April 2026, Huadao (Shanghai) Biopharmaceutical's CAR-T cell therapy application for Wanjiolan injection was accepted, with a price of approximately 200000 yuan
2026 年 4 月，华道（上海）生物医药旗下 CAR-T 细胞疗法万基奥仑赛注射液上市申请获受理，定价约20 余万元
In October 2025, the price of HeYuan Biotech's Nakiolenza Injection will be 990000 yuan per injection, which is one of the lowest prices for CAR-T products in China.
2025 年 10 月，合源生物的纳基奥仑赛注射液定价为每针 99.9 万元，是国内 CAR-T 类产品最低价之一。
Progress of medical insurance policies:医保政策进展
In September 2025, 5 CAR-T products passed the expert review of the National Basic Medical Insurance Catalog and the Commercial Insurance Innovative Drug Catalog.
2025 年 9 月，5 款 CAR-T 产品通过国家基本医保目录及商保创新药目录专家评审。
In June 2026, Heyuan Biotechnology's Naciolenza Injection and WuXi AppTec's Ruiqiiolenza Injection will enter the preliminary form review list of basic medical insurance.
2026 年 6 月，合源生物的纳基奥仑赛注射液和药明巨诺的瑞基奥仑赛注射液进入基本医保初步形式审查目录。
Whether it can ultimately be included in the basic medical insurance catalog still needs to go through procedures such as expert review and price negotiation. The final result will be announced by September 2026
最终能否纳入基本医保目录，还需经专家评审、价格谈判等程序，截至 2026 年 9 月最终结果待公布
What are the risks of treatment 治疗有什么风险
The main side effects include cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity:
主要副作用包括细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）和神经毒性 ：
Cytokine release syndrome: characterized by high fever, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, etc., which can be life-threatening in severe cases.
细胞因子释放综合征：表现为高烧、呼吸困难、低血压等，严重时可危及生命。
Neurotoxicity: manifested as headaches, confusion, seizures, etc.
神经毒性：表现为头痛、意识模糊、癫痫发作等。
Response measures:应对措施
After infusion, hospitalization and close monitoring are required for 15 days to 4 weeks.
输注后需住院严密监测 15 天到 4 周。
The use of anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies (tocilizumab) and hormones can effectively control adverse reactions.
使用抗 IL-6 受体抗体（托珠单抗）和激素可有效控制不良反应。
Within 4 weeks after discharge, one should not be too far from the hospital in order to promptly address any adverse reactions.
出院后 4 周内不能离医院太远，以便及时处理不良反应。
About 90% of pediatric patients will develop cytokine release syndrome, and about 30% of patients will develop neurotoxic syndrome, but most side effects can be effectively controlled through standardized treatment and management.
约 90% 的患儿会发生细胞因子释放综合征，约 30% 患者出现神经毒性综合征，但通过规范治疗和管理，大多数副作用可得到有效控制 。
Current core research progress of solid tumor CAR-T 实体瘤CAR-T当前的核心研究进展
A batch of high potential specific targets have been screened, such as CLDN18.2 for gastric cancer, GPC3 for liver cancer, and EGFRvIII for glioma. Some small sample clinical trials have observed clear tumor shrinkage effects.
已筛选出一批高潜力特异性靶点，比如针对胃癌的CLDN18.2、肝癌的GPC3、脑胶质瘤的EGFRvIII，部分小样本临床试验已观察到明确的肿瘤缩小效果。
Representative experimental data: CAR-T targeting GUCY2C in advanced colorectal cancer, with an objective response rate of 50% in the high-dose group and a disease control rate of 100% at 3 months; After treatment, some patients with advanced gastric cancer experienced disappearance of ascites and restoration of normal tumor markers, with sustained remission lasting for over 11 months.
代表性试验数据：晚期结直肠癌靶向GUCY2C的CAR-T，高剂量组客观缓解率达50%，3个月疾病控制率100%；部分晚期胃癌患者治疗后腹水消失、肿瘤标志物恢复正常，持续缓解超11个月。
At present, most trials are focused on Phase I/II, with an overall response rate of about 10% -30%, overall controllable safety, and a low proportion of serious adverse reactions.
目前多数试验集中在I/II期，整体应答率约10%-30%，安全性整体可控，严重不良反应占比低。
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